 Wechseljahre / Menopause
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Autor:
WOMAN II Consortium
Letzte Änderung:
21/02/2003
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FSH: Follikel-stimulierendes Hormon.
Gebärmutterschleimhaut.
Gonadotropine: Hormone der Hirnanhangsdrüse, Bezeichnung für FSH und LH gemeinsam.
Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen: Dazu gehören Krankheiten,
die mit Verkalkung der Arterien einhergehen. Dieses kann zu Bluthochdruck,
Herzinfarkt oder Schlaganfall führen.
Hitzewallung: Eine zu jeder Tageszeit mögliche Hautrötung
im Bereich der oberen Körperhälfte. Hitzewallungen werden auch bei jüngeren Frauen
ohne beeinträchtigte Ovarialfunktion, und auch Männern beobachtet. Vorübergehender
Blutdruckanstieg, Schwindelgefühl, Herzklopfen in der oberen Körperhälfte können mit
Hitzewallungen einhergehen. Emotionale oder berufliche Belastungen und Stressoren wie
Kaffee, alkoholische Getränke, Gewürze können Hitzewallungen auslösen.
Häufigkeitsangaben reichen von "gelegentlich" bis "ständig" bei salvenartigen
Hitzewallungen, die nicht mehr zu zählen sind. Das Empfinden einer einzelnen
Hitzewallung dauert nur wenige Minuten, selten bis zu etwa einer Stunde.
Hormon: Eine Substanz, die in einer bestimmten Körperregion
produziert wird (Drüse) und in einer anderen Körperregion
Wirkungen entfaltet.
HT: Hormontherapie.
Inkontinenz: Unwillkürlicher Urinverlust, z. B. bein Niessen, Taschen tragen.
Induced Menopause: is a menopause due
to one of a number of medical interventions. Surgically removing
both ovaries (bilateral oophorectomy) before natural menopause
causes surgical menopause. Induced menopause can also occur
if the ovaries are rendered inactive by pelvic radiation, chemotherapy,
or certain other drugs. Due to their abrupt loss of ovarian
hormones, women who experience induced menopause are more likely
to have a sudden onset of hot flashes and other menopause-related
disturbances such as a dry vagina. These women, as well as women
who experience early natural menopause (before age 40) or prolonged
time without menstrual periods due to excessive exercising or
dieting, may be at greater risk later in life for health problems
such as osteoporosis (thinning of bones) and heart disease since
they spend more years without the protective effect of estrogen.
A woman who has a hysterectomy (uterus removed but not the ovaries)
prior to experiencing natural menopause usually continues to
produce hormones and thus will not experience surgical menopause.
However, sometimes removal of the uterus may interrupt the blood
supply to the ovaries. In this unusual circumstance, a woman
may experience earlier menopause-related changes.
Kalzitonin: Ein Hormon, das von den Nebenschilddrüsen
hergestellt wird.
Es ist auch für den Knochenstoffwechsel wichtig.
Klimakterium: it is a period of life around the
menopause which is characterised by the declining levels of
sex hormones. It include the premenopausal and the early postmenopausal
period.
Mammografie: Spezielle Röntgenaufnahme der Brüste
zur Früherkennung von Brustkrebs.
Mastectomy: surgery to remove the breast.
Menarche: Erste Regelblutung.
Menopause: is a natural occurrence in a woman's
life that designates the end of fertility. Strictly speaking,
menopause is a woman's very last menstrual period. However,
it's also the transition period in a woman's life that begins
as her body starts to slow its production of estrogen. This
reduction in the amount of estrogen in the body can have wide
ranging effects from short-term symptoms such as hot flashes,
night sweats, and vaginal dryness, to an increased risk of osteoporosis.
Menopause results from the ovaries being depleted of their supply
of eggs, leading to a decrease in the production of the sex
hormones: estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone. Most women
can tell if they are approaching menopause when their menstrual
periods start changing. "Perimenopause" and "the menopause transition"
are terms used to describe this time. Menopause is confirmed
when a woman has not had a menstrual period for 12 consecutive
months (and no other biologic or physiologic cause can be identified
for lack of periods). Until twelve consecutive months have passed
without a period, a midlife woman may still be able to get pregnant.
Osteoporosis (thinning of the bones): a disease
which causes bones to lose mass and become porous and brittle.
Frequently leads to fractured spine, wrists or hips in elderly
women.
Parität: Anzahl der Geburten.
Postmenopausal blues, mood swings:
In the past, just about every emotional blip or bout of the
blues felt by women in their 40s or 50s was attributed to menopause.
Women can become irritable when hot flashes rob them of a good
night's sleep, but there is no correlation between menopause
and serious depression. Since depression affects one woman in
four at some point in life, however, persistent low moods should
never be ignored. Other symptoms of depression include insomnia
(or sleeping too much), loss of appetite (or eating too much),
and feeling helpless, hopeless or worthless. If you experience
these symptoms, be sure to talk to your health care provider.
Schmerzen bei der Regelblutung.
Schmerzen beim Geschlechtsverkehr.
Schmerzen beim Wasserlassen.
Stress Incontinence: involontary loss
of urine due to an effort.
Stress / Urge Incontinence: involontary
loss of urine due to an effort and impossibility to delay the
urination.
Timing of Menopause: In the Western
world, the majority of women experience natural menopause on
average at about age 51, but it can occur as early as in a woman's
30s and, rarely, as late as in her 60s. Contrary to previous
opinion, there is no correlation between the time of a woman's
first period and her age at menopause. In addition, age at menopause
is not influenced by race, height, the number of children a
woman has had, or whether she took oral contraceptives for birth
control. However, cigarette smoking can influence the age of
menopause; smokers and even former smokers can reach menopause
two years earlier than nonsmokers.
Trockenheit der Scheide:
Altersabhängige Veränderung der Schleimhaut der Scheide,
die mit Austrockung und Verlust der Elastizität des
Gewebes einhergeht.
Urge Incontinence: impossibility to delay
the urination.
Veränderungen des sexuellen Verlangens.
Verstopfung: Verstopfung.
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